Ernest William Hornung

 (7 June 1866 – 22 March 1921) was an English author and poet known for writing the 

A. J. Raffles

 series of stories about a

gentleman thief

 in late 19th-century London. Hornung was educated at

Uppingham School

; as a result of poor health he left the school in December 1883 to travel to Sydney, where he stayed for two years. He drew on his Australian experiences as a background when he began writing, initially short stories and later novels.

In 1898 he wrote "In the Chains of Crime", which introduced Raffles and his sidekick, 

Bunny Manders

; the characters were based partly on his friends

Oscar Wilde

 and his lover, 

Lord Alfred Douglas

, and also on the characters of 

Sherlock Holmes

 and 

Dr. Watson

, created by his brother-in-law, 

Arthur Conan Doyle

. The series of Raffles short stories were collected for sale in book form in 1899, and two further books of Raffles short stories followed, as well as a poorly received novel. Aside from his Raffles stories, Hornung was a prodigious writer of fiction, publishing numerous books from 1890, with 



A Bride from the Bush



 to his 1914 novel 

The Crime Doctor

.

The First World War brought an end to Hornung's fictional output. His son, Oscar, was killed at the 

Second Battle of Ypres

 in July 1915. Hornung joined the 

YMCA

, initially in England, then in France, where he helped run a canteen and library. He published two collections of poetry during the war, and then, afterwards, one further volume of verse and an account of his time spent in France, 

Notes of a Camp-Follower on the Western Front

. Hornung's fragile constitution was further weakened by the stress of his war work. To aid his recuperation, he and his wife visited the south of France in 1921. He fell ill from influenza on the journey, and died on 22 March 1921, aged 54.

Although much of Hornung's work has fallen into obscurity, his Raffles stories continued to be popular, and have formed numerous film and television adaptations. Hornung's stories dealt with a wider range of themes than crime: he examined scientific and medical developments, guilt, class and the unequal role played by women in society. Two threads that run through a sizeable proportion of his books are Australia and cricket; the latter was also a lifelong passion.