From the crisis of the Babylonian exile to the rise of rabbinic Judaism--a span of over six hundred years--the Jewish people produced a wealth of literature that lies outside the Hebrew Bible. Today it goes under names such as apocrypha and pseudepigrapha, Josephus and Philo, apocalyptic literature and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Mishnah and targums. But line by line, scroll by scroll, it represents the history and theology, the hopes and prayers of a living and diverse Judaism. It is an engrossingsubject in and of itself, but for students of the New Testament it offers an invaluable context for understanding the words and actions of Jesus as well as the conversion and thinking of Paul.

Exploring Jewish Literature of the Second Temple Period is an introduction to this literature and places it within its historical context. Riding the explosive growth of knowledge of this period, Larry R. Helyer guides students to the heart of the matter. What were the pressures and realities, the questions and dreams that nurtured and provoked these written expressions? And how does this literature throw light on the text of the New Testament and origins of Christianity?



For twenty nine years Larry R. Helyer was professor of biblical studies at Taylor University in Upland, Indiana. Now retired, he continues to write on theological topics and serve as an adjunct professor in the United States and abroad. He is theauthor of Exploring Jewish Literature of the Second Temple Period.



Preface



Abbreviations



Introduction



1. The Rise of the Second Commonwealth



2. Tales from the Diaspora



3. Hellenism Invades the Middle East



4. Apocalypticism: Hope for Hard Times



5. Resistance Literature



6. The Dead Sea Scrolls: The New-Covenant Community



7. The Dead Sea Scrolls: Scripture the End Times



8. "Down to Egypt Land"



9. Philo Judaeus



10. Flavius Josephus: The House that Herod Built



11. Coping with Calamity



12. The Reconstruction of Judaism



13. The World of Mishnah



14. The Partings of the Ways



Maps Charts



Indexes