The Bible was written within collectivist cultures. When Westerners, immersed in individualism, read the Bible, it's easy to misinterpret important elements—or miss them altogether. In any culture, the most important things usually go without being said. So to read Scripture well we benefit when we uncover the unspoken social structures and values of its world. We need to recalibrate our vision.

Combining the expertise of a biblical scholar and a missionary practitioner, Misreading Scripture with Individualist Eyes is an essential guidebook to the cultural background of the Bible and how it should inform our reading. E. Randolph Richards and Richard James explore deep social structures of the ancient Mediterranean—kinship, patronage, and brokerage—along with their key social tools—honor, shame, and boundaries—that the biblical authors lived in and lie below the surface of each text. From Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar to Peter's instructions to elders, theauthors strip away individualist assumptions and bring the world of the biblical writers to life.

Expanding on the popular Misreading Scripture with Western Eyes, this book makes clear how understanding collectivism will help us better understand the Bible, which in turn will help us live more faithfully in an increasingly globalized world.



E. Randolph Richards (PhD, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) is provost and professor of biblical studies in the School of Ministry at Palm Beach Atlantic University. His many books include Misreading Scripture with Western Eyes,Rediscovering Jesus, Rediscovering Paul, The Story of Israel, and Paul and First-Century Letter Writing.







Richard James (pseudonym) is a crosscultural trainer and is involved in leading church planting teams in the Middle East.



Preface

Introduction



Part 1. Social Structures of the Biblical World

1. Kinship: Being in a Family

2. Kinship: Staying in a Family

3. Patronage: Gifts Had Strings Attached

4. Patronage: The System and the Players

5. Patronage: Grace, Faith, and the Language of Patronage

6. Brokerage in the Biblical World



Part 2. Social Tools: Enforcing and Reinforcing Our Values

7. Having Honor: Everybody Has Some

8. Gaining Honor: Everybody Wants More

9. Honor Contests

10. Having Shame: It Is Good for Everyone

11. Shaming: Done Right (and Wrong)

12. Having Boundaries: Us and Them

13. Guarding Boundaries: Keeping Us Us



Part 3. Why Does Collectivism Really Matter to Me?

14. Redeeming Kinship and Boundaries: Who Is Our Family?

15. Redeeming Patronage and Brokerage

Conclusion: Biblical Collectivism in My Individualist World



Author Index

Subject Index

Scripture Index